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Quantum Numbers | Principal quantum number (n) \Azimuthal quantum number (ℓ) | Magnetic quantum number (mℓ) | Spin quantum number (ms)| Quantum theory.

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 Quantum numbers are values that describe certain characteristics of electrons in an atom. There are four quantum numbers: 1. Principal Quantum Number (n): Determines the energy level or shell of the electron. The principal quantum number (n) is one of the four quantum numbers used to describe the energy levels or electron shells of an atom. It indicates the main energy level or distance from the nucleus where an electron is located. The values of n are positive integers starting from 1, and they determine the relative energy of the electron and its average distance from the nucleus. As n increases, the energy level and distance from the nucleus also increase. 2. Angular Momentum Quantum Number (l): Specifies the sub-shell or orbital type (s, p, d, f). The angular momentum quantum number (l) is one of the four quantum numbers used to describe the properties of electrons in an atom. It determines the shape or type of subshell an electron occupies within a given energy level. The ...

"Unveiling Aromatic Reactivity: Demystifying Activating and Deactivating Groups in Benzene" | Directing Group Influence | Activating and Deactivating | Activating and Deactivating Groups: Ortho, Para, Meta Directors. Groups In Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution |

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  "Activating and Deactivating Groups in Benzene" is an important topic in organic chemistry, specifically in the context of electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions. These groups influence the reactivity of the benzene ring towards electrophilic substitution reactions, either enhancing (activating) or reducing (deactivating) the rate of such reactions. Here are some key points and notes on this topic: "बेंजीन में समूहों को सक्रिय करना और निष्क्रिय करना" कार्बनिक रसायन विज्ञान में एक महत्वपूर्ण विषय है, विशेष रूप से इलेक्ट्रोफिलिक सुगंधित प्रतिस्थापन प्रतिक्रियाओं के संदर्भ में। ये समूह इलेक्ट्रोफिलिक प्रतिस्थापन प्रतिक्रियाओं के प्रति बेंजीन रिंग की प्रतिक्रियाशीलता को प्रभावित करते हैं, या तो ऐसी प्रतिक्रियाओं की दर को बढ़ाते (सक्रिय) या कम (निष्क्रिय) करते हैं। इस विषय पर कुछ मुख्य बिंदु और नोट्स यहां दिए गए हैं: **Activating Groups:** Activating groups increase the electron density on the benzene ring, making it more susceptible to electrophilic attack. Th...

para ortho and meta positions | instructional group.

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  "Para," "ortho," and "meta" are terms used to describe the positions of substituents on a benzene ring in organic chemistry. These terms are used to indicate the relative positions of two substituents on a benzene ring in relation to each other.  "पैरा," "ऑर्थो," और "मेटा" शब्द कार्बनिक रसायन विज्ञान में बेंजीन रिंग पर प्रतिस्थापन की स्थिति का वर्णन करने के लिए उपयोग किए जाते हैं। इन शब्दों का उपयोग एक दूसरे के संबंध में बेंजीन रिंग पर दो प्रतिस्थापनों की सापेक्ष स्थिति को इंगित करने के लिए किया जाता है। 1. **Ortho (o)**: In the ortho position, two substituents are located on adjacent carbon atoms of the benzene ring. The carbon atoms are numbered sequentially, and the substituents are positioned on carbon atoms 1 and 2, or 2 and 3, etc. **ऑर्थो (ओ)**: ऑर्थो स्थिति में, दो प्रतिस्थापन बेंजीन रिंग के आसन्न कार्बन परमाणुओं पर स्थित होते हैं। कार्बन परमाणुओं को क्रमिक रूप से क्रमांकित किया जाता है, और प्रतिस्थापन कार्बन परमा...

Digestive System | Human digestive system | Human Digestive System | Digestive system explained.

  D igestion system- The digestive system is an intricate collection of organs and functions that collaborate to convert food into nutrients that the body can assimilate and utilize for energy, growth, and upkeep. पाचन तंत्र अंगों और कार्यों का एक जटिल संग्रह है जो भोजन को पोषक तत्वों में परिवर्तित करने में सहयोग करता है जिसे शरीर आत्मसात कर सकता है और ऊर्जा, विकास और रखरखाव के लिए उपयोग कर सकता है। Steps of the digestion system- 1)Ingestion: The process begins with the intake of food through the mouth. Chewing and saliva production help to mechanically break down the food and initiate the chemical digestion process. Ingestion is the process of taking food and liquids into the body through the mouth. It is the initial step in the digestive process and marks the beginning of the journey that food takes through the digestive system. Ingestion involves the act of eating and drinking, where food is introduced into the oral cavity and prepared for further processing. 1)अंतर्ग्र...